The Stūpas Courtyard is accessed from the southeast through a narrow corridor. The main Stūpa M is surrounded by thirty-four secondary stūpas forming several rows. The Courtyard is bordered by niches featuring modeled scenes from the Life of the Buddha, including the notable "Aquatic" Niche XIII.

A Grotto is a natural or artificial cave used as a sanctuary in Buddhist architecture. These spaces are often adorned with carvings, paintings, and statues depicting Buddhist deities and scenes from scriptures. Grottos provide a serene environment for meditation, reflecting the tradition of monastic retreats in nature. Vihara 1 is surrounded by the monk’s viharas and the public part, the courtyard with stupa. Adjacent to the public area, the Stupas Courtyard, was Vihāra 1, the private section, both forming the heart of the monastery. Vihāra dates back to the first Buddhist period and housed the monks' cells arranged around a courtyard embellished with niches V1 to V5, renowned for their modeled clay decorations. Vihāra 1 includes more spacious common rooms, such as the refectory and meeting room.
A Caitya, or Chaitya, is a sacred shrine or prayer hall in Buddhist architecture, often featuring a stupa within. These structures are typically rock-cut or built from stone, with a vaulted ceiling and an apse housing the stupa. They serve as important sites for communal worship and meditation. Twenty-four niches adorned the Stupas Courtyard. The sculptures in niches VI, IX, XI, XIII, XVII, XIX, and XX are well-preserved. Typically, these niches featured a large seated Buddha or Bodhisattva, accompanied by smaller acolytes. They were often molded atop a wooden armature and affixed to the wall with only a simple wooden peg.

Terrace 60 dates back to the second Buddhist period. Its perimeters are adorned with twenty-five large caityas, designated as "Niches E". Broad and deep, they could accommodate a large statue of Buddha or Bodhisattva, surrounded by several rows of smaller figures, such as Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, monks, deities, and donors, often accompanied by figures emerging at higher levels.


[GROTTOES] [VIHARA 1] [CAITYA] [NICHES] [TERRACE 60]

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Carving in Buddhist architecture refers to the intricate sculptures and reliefs created by chiseling stone, wood, or other materials. These carvings often depict Buddha figures, bodhisattvas, and religious symbols. Highly detailed and symbolic, they enhance the spiritual ambiance and convey important teachings and stories. A Relief is a sculptural technique where figures are raised against a flat background. In Buddhist architecture, reliefs depict scenes from the Buddha’s life, Jataka tales, and other religious narratives. They adorn stupas, walls, and pillars, providing visual storytelling that complements the spiritual experience of the site. Curabitur vitae odio pretium, volutpat augue efficitur, ullamcorper ante. Nunc ultrices eget urna in aliquet. Nulla at ullamcorper leo. Aliquam egestas non lacus sed tempor. Ut bibendum mauris sit amet augue mollis, et tincidunt nisi gravida. Proin dictum dapibus libero vitae luctus. Morbi gravida dolor sit amet erat sagittis, suscipit blandit nibh ullamcorper. In Buddhist architecture, Paintings are artistic depictions found on walls, ceilings, and other surfaces within temples and monasteries. These artworks illustrate stories from the life of the Buddha, Jataka tales, and various deities, serving both decorative and didactic purposes, inspiring and educating devotees. Curabitur vitae odio pretium, volutpat augue efficitur, ullamcorper ante. Nunc ultrices eget urna in aliquet. Nulla at ullamcorper leo. Aliquam egestas non lacus sed tempor. Ut bibendum mauris sit amet augue mollis, et tincidunt nisi gravida. Proin dictum dapibus libero vitae luctus. Morbi gravida dolor sit amet erat sagittis, suscipit blandit nibh ullamcorper.Curabitur vitae odio pretium, volutpat augue efficitur, ullamcorper ante. Nunc ultrices eget urna in aliquet. Nulla at ullamcorper leo. Aliquam egestas non lacus sed tempor. Ut bibendum mauris sit amet augue mollis, et tincidunt nisi gravida. Proin dictum dapibus libero vitae luctus. Morbi gravida dolor sit amet erat sagittis, suscipit blandit nibh ullamcorper.
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